Vaglio holds a Doctor of Medicine degree with a specialization in Pediatrics. She is a professor of genetics at the CLAEH School of Medicine. She is a visiting physician at René Descartes University in Paris. She won first prize in the “National Grand Prize for Medicine” (1992 and 2006), awarded by the National Academy of Medicine of Uruguay; the “Claude Bernard Prize” (1993), awarded by the Franco-Uruguayan Association of the French Embassy; the “International Osteoporosis Foundation Prize” (2005 and 2007); and the “Public Health Prize” (2010).